EVALUATION OF TABLETING PROPERTIES OF CRUDE TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA LINN) POWDER
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ABSTRACT
The aim of this work is to formulate crude turmeric powder into tablet form. The powder was produced from the turmeric rhizome. Physicochemical properties of the powder; angle of repose (AR), bulk density (BD), tapped density (TD), Hausner‟s ratio (HR), Carr‟s index (CI), true density, moisture content, and flow rate (FR) were evaluated. The particles size and morphology were determined using Scanning electron microscope and sieve analysis. The tablets were formulated using both wet granulation and direct compression methods. The wet granulation was carried out using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as diluent and gelatin (GLT) as binder and compared with maize starch (MS), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and Acacia (AC) as binders. Direct compression method was carried out using Avicel PH101 and Ludipress. Compaction studies were also conducted on the powder. The powder particles were found to be rough, elongated and flaky shaped, with poor flow based on AR (40.3⁰), HR (1.736), CI (42.4 %) and FR (1.4 g/s) and the particles are also interlocked. The granules exhibited marked improvement in flowability: AR (31.14 ° - 34.79 °), HR (1.21-1.29), CI (17.14 – 37.00), FR (1.44 – 2.81 g/s) and moisture content (10.50 – 13.50 %). The powder deformed by fragmentation and is brittle in nature. The granules have improved plastic deformation explained by both Heckel and Kawakita equations. Turmeric tablets with good mechanical properties were produced by both wet granulation and direct compression methods. Gelatin binder produced good tablets at 2.5 % concentrations and above. Using wet granulation method, MS at 5 % binder concentration produced best tablets in terms of mechanical strength (CSFR: 8.667 compared with gelatin‟s 7.547) but 5 % gelatin binder gave best release tablets (97.70 % at 45 min). Avicel PH101 and Ludipress produced good tablets both at 50 – 60 % dilutions. Avicel viii PH101 produced best quality tablets in terms of mechanical strength (CSFR/DT: 6.1460 compared with Ludipress: 2.587) and release profile (86.19 % at 45 min). Turmeric powder can best be formulated into tablet by wet granulation method using gelatin as a binder while Avicel PH101 produced best tablets by direct compression method.
